Professional Communication Skills for Patient Centered Care

Question: Examine about the Professional Communication Skills for Patient Centered Care. Answer: Presentation Correspondence is significant in the general public. The wellbeing segment is one zone that exceptionally relies upon it. Correspondence is characterized as the sending and accepting of data between at least two individuals. It is a two way process that relies upon going of data and getting its feedback(McCabe Timmins, 2013). In the nursing field correspondence is basic for viable social insurance conveyance as it encourages exact ID of patients issues. It likewise advances the patients own comprehension of the issue, ailment or sickness which helps in advancing treatment adherence. Compelling correspondence is related with both supplier and patient fulfillment as it realizes restorative connection between the two(Maguire Pitceathly, 2002). Successful correspondence is described by various aptitudes. These are verbal and non-verbal aptitudes, quiet focused consideration and documentation of care. Verbal correspondence This is a type of correspondence communicated through words. It very well may be composed or spoken. The language utilized in verbal correspondence is profoundly subject to ones keenness, instructive foundation, land foundation and ethnic starting point. Prior to conveying or tending to a group of people, one ought to gauge the crowd so as to utilize the proper language. Verbal correspondence is seen during collaborations with the patient, relatives and other staff, composing care plans and recording of progress. It is likewise found in broad daylight talking, composed distributions and planning leaflets, banners and signs(Hill, Hall, Glew, 2014). On account of Bruce OGrady, verbal correspondence is first used during presentation between the medical attendant and Bruce. This is key in the foundation of a restorative relationship as it helps in diminishing ones nervousness and realizes trust causing open to up during the conversation. During appraisal, both open and shut finished inquiries are utilized so as to conclude and comprehend the fundamental issue, the causes and hazard variables and potential mediations. The discoveries are recorded with the goal that other human services experts can get to it. This data can likewise be introduced to the medicinal services group through oral introduction. Non-Verbal Communication This is a type of correspondence whereby data is transmitted starting with one individual then onto the next without the utilization of words. It is ordinarily known as non-verbal communication. There are numerous types of non-verbal correspondence. First we have contact. This is persona and the significance typically contrasts dependent on social foundation, religion, topographical and ethnic starting point and numerous different elements. What can be characterized as pleasant in one culture, can be viewed as inappropriate in another. It is fundamental in the correspondence of sentiments and feelings. It assists individuals with interfacing and communicates sentiments of solace through confirmation, expanding ones confidence and giving consolation. On the opposite it can likewise communicate feels of outrage, disappointment and aggression(Hill, Hall, Glew, 2014). Outward appearances are another type of non-verbal correspondence. This incorporates the utilization of our countenances to impart. They are significant in the outflow of emotions. For instance; grinning, snickering, scowling, moving of the eyes and so forth. Understanding the outward appearance helps in the recognizable proof of certain infections like Parkinsons illness where this capacity is inhibited(Hill, Hall, Glew, 2014). Motions are the other structure and they include the utilization of ones body in passing data to someone else. Models incorporate waving, approval, clench hand knock and so on. Motions are generally utilized with individuals who can't communicate through words. These individuals incorporate the hard of hearing and unable to speak whose fundamental correspondence style is the utilization of gesture based communication. Ones information on this causes one to provide food for a wide range of individuals. An enlisted nurture needs to comprehend non-verbal correspondence as they help express more data than words do. Individuals now and again will in general falsehood yet their non-verbal signs help in the wisdom of reality. Non-verbal signals in our situation will be generally useful during appraisal of Mr. Bruce and furthermore in the acumen of his needs and needs. Viable documentation Documentation helps in the chronicle and furthermore guarantees the responsibility of people. Compelling documentation assists the patient and the medicinal services suppliers with understanding the key issue. Evaluation, discoveries, mediations and patients progress are archived. This is a key factor in interprofessional joint effort as social insurance experts can get to the important data for arrangement of care. This data can be composed or created electronically(Hill, Hall, Glew, 2016). Documentation for our situation will have data of Bruces basic issue of profound chesty hacks and the reasons for hastening factors like smoking, liquor use, undesirable eating routine and inactive way of life. This data would help in finding and the arranging of the executives. Persistent focused consideration This is a current pattern in human services where the patient is a member who is contributed and a piece of each progression of care. Tolerant focused consideration is generally effective in realizing conduct and way of life changes in patients. It is typified in the standards of self-governance, regard, nobility, compassion, decision and the care(Levett-Jones Barraclough, 2013). A patient is seen as a one of a kind member with various elements, qualities and assets. In our situation, quiet focused consideration would have been extremely proficient in achieving both social and way of life changes in Bruce. Bruce takes part in smoking, drinking liquor, stationary way of life and undesirable eating conduct which may cause or fuel the circumstance. Through patient focused consideration, an administration plan can be created in respects with his qualities and assets in order to guarantee treatment adherence. Through treatment, Bruce can be guided on good dieting and a progressively dynamic way of life either through strolls, stretches and running so as fortify his bone mass and be increasingly fit. Treatment can likewise be offered so as to lessen or stop the smoking and liquor use. End Compelling correspondence through verbal and non-verbal signals, viable documentation and patient-focused consideration help cultivate a remedial connection between the social insurance supplier and the patient as there is regard, self-rule, sympathy, nobility and trust in arrangement of care. Together they help in advancing powerful correspondence. The comprehensiveness of the patient in the board additionally helps center the arrangement from the infection to the individual which helps in treatment adherence and backslide anticipation. References Slope, R., Hall, H., Glew, P. (2014). Basics of Nursing and Midwifery : A Person-Centered Approach to Care. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health. Slope, R., Hall, H., Glew, P. (2016). Basics of Nursing and Midwifery: an individual focused way to deal with care. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health. Levett-Jones, T., Barraclough, B. (2013). Basic Conversations for Patient Safety: An Essential Guide for Health Professionals. Melbourne: Pearson Australia. Maguire, P., Pitceathly, C. (2002). Key relational abilities and how to get them. bmj , 697. McCabe, C., Timmins, F. (2013). Relational abilities for Nursing Practice. Hampshire: Macmillan International Higher Education.

How do male and female college students perceptions of civic engagement differ Essays

How do male and female undergrads view of metro commitment contrast Essays How do male and female undergrads view of municipal commitment vary Essay How do male and female understudies view of city commitment vary Essay Name: Course: Teacher: Date: How do male and female understudies view of city commitment vary? Urban commitment includes working with others for the motivations behind taking care of network issues and improving the network. It includes individuals cooperating in having any kind of effect in the municipal existence of the network. Individuals gain information, and they build up the abilities and qualities important to take part in various political exercises and non-political exercises. Individuals taking an interest in such exercises are propelled on the grounds that they view themselves as a component of the general public, and they identify with the issues that the general public is encountering. It includes political and metro exercises. Individuals volunteer their administrations for different causes, take an interest in various associations, and take an interest in raising money and altruistic occasions, marking petitions, and exhibitions among different exercises. Understudies are dynamic in metro commitment, in spite of the fact that they have unmistakable inclinations in the exercises they decide to take part in Male understudies are increasingly intrigued by political issues. There is a higher chance that that they will take an interest in political battles, expanding political mindfulness, and contributing monetarily in legislative issues. Then again, their female partners have a higher chance of partaking in non-political exercises. They are probably going to participate in exercises concerning senior residents, youngsters, the adolescent, training, and nature. Albeit such contrasts exist, factors, for example, training have decreased how much undergrads of all sexes see municipal commitment. Instruction and expanded political activism has prompted more ladies taking up elective political posts. This has prompted an ascent in the amount of female understudies taking part in political exercises. Contrasts in sexual orientation don't recognize the degree of commitment in natural issues, as female and male understudies take part on a similar level. They show a similar degree of worry for the earth. This is to a great extent ascribed to expanded mindfulness, and the immediate results of ecological corruption, which influences everybody inside the general public. The more undergrads are included and worried about the networks around them, the more they understand the issues and difficulties confronting these networks. This acknowledgment makes both male and female understudies take part in the exercises that will help improve the status in the network and help take care of the issues that the individuals in the network are confronting. Instruction builds the degree of attention to city issues. Understudies, independent of their sexual orientation, are bound to be associated with municipal commitment, contrasted with the individuals who didn't head off to college. Parental inclusion additionally decides the degree of municipal commitment among understudies, and it reduces the sex difference in city interest. The degree to which guardians examine political undertakings with their kids will impact their children’s view of, and investment in legislative issues. Female undergrads who examine political undertakings with their folks have a higher chance of support in political issues while in school. Parental contribution builds the female undergrad worry about her municipal obligation. In any case, parental impact doesn't appear to impact the male understudy on political undertakings. It doesn't expand his municipal obligation concerns. Knowing the distinctions in recognitions among understudies is valuable for examiners, non-legislative associations, and other municipal gatherings. This is on the grounds that it will empower them to figure out who they will take part in their exercises. Political organizations are bound to focus on the male understudies as a result of their expanded enthusiasm for political issues. Non-administrative foundations, particularly those managing magnanimous and raising money occasions focusing on the young and other minority bunches are bound to focus on the female undergrads.

A View from the Class Cortney Newell COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

A View from the Class Cortney Newell COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Hoping everyone stays safe and warm as the winter storm approaches New York! The SIPA Office of Alumni and Development is pleased to share another installment of A View from the Class, a SIPA stories series featuring current SIPA students, recently graduated alumni, and SIPA faculty. In this issue, we feature current SIPA student, Cortney Newell MPA 18. Cortney is a second year Master of Public Administration in Development Practice candidate. She is this years Trangucci Family Fellow and an International Fellows Program (IFP) Fellow. What were you doing prior to attending SIPA? After graduating from the University of Virginia, I spent two years as a journalist for the Knoxville News Sentinel in Tennessee. In 2011, motivated by a desire to work in development, I moved to Siguatepeque, Honduras, where I worked for a bilingual primary and secondary school. Shortly thereafter, I transitioned to Amigos for Christ, a nonprofit organization in Chinandega, Nicaragua, gaining experience in integrated, sustainable community development, and eventually, serving as the Director of Communications. Why did you choose SIPA? The MPA-DP program is focused on all the right things: practical professional experiences, interdisciplinary approaches, strong connections to leading professionals and organizations in the sector, and a heavy emphasis on empowering students to shape their own experience. Please describe some of the work-experience opportunities you’ve had at SIPA. Since arriving at Columbia, I have focused my studies on humanitarian policy and programming, with a particular interest in how gender affects the experience of different populations in the midst of emergencies. Along those lines, my first year I worked as a research assistant for MADRE, a nonprofit human rights advocacy organization, drafting and editing human rights reports on gender based violence in Iraq and Syria. This past summer, I worked with Mercy Corps’ humanitarian response in West Nile, Uganda, leading the design and implementation of a new, market-driven mobile phone program targeting 20,000 South Sudanese refugees and Ugandan host community members across the region. During the fall semester, I worked with the American Red Cross of Greater New York’s Mass Care team to develop a strategic plan for their Emergency Response Vehicles. This semester, I am interning with the International Rescue Committee (IRC), helping the Emergency Preparedness team develop a Communications Strategy that will ensure they are maximizing the impact of their communications both within the Emergency Unit and across the IRC as a whole. And, finally, I am serving as the Project Manager for an EPD Workshop team which is developing a white paper on gender and intersectionality in the humanitarian sector for the Women’s Refugee Commission. How has SIPA and your SIPA experiences affected you? SIPA has taught me how to translate a long career of experiences and a growing set of skills into a cohesive professional profile, while at the same time enabling me to continually expand that catalogue of experiences and skills through the courses and professional experiences I’ve accessed while here. I know that upon graduation I will be empowered to do the work I love much more effectively and at a significantly higher level. What are your plans after SIPA? After SIPA, I plan to continue my work in humanitarian aid, working in frontline program management and implementation â€" most likely in cash, protection, or education programming with a large, international NGO. The nature of the sector means I don’t necessarily know exactly where I’ll be, but I have my eye on developing crises in Latin America and the ongoing emergencies in the Middle East.

The Philosophy Of Education Educational Principles That...

The philosophy of education enables to recognize certain educational principles that define our views about the learner, the teacher and the school. MY PHILOSOPHY IS Recognizing that all living is a learning. I will be able to teach all special education children, knowing their behavior, skill, motivation, interest, thought, and habits. As a teacher, I know that the interest and the behavior are going together, and it will bring me to know more about my students. I will be able to know, what my students like, and as individual, how he or she can learn, how I can accommodate them to get an effective learning. As a teacher, I need to know their need and their nature of learning, then, use the right material and directions to teach them. I need to keep in mind, that by nature children are always interacting, and the environment has a lot to do with it. It means that, a lot of movement and decision that children make depend in what is around them, but when a student is learning it will bring a change in his or he behavior. It is important to keep the students active in the classroom, and involve them in physical and mental activities. Some of the physical activities are: play exports, if they can play, Example: table ball, air ball. Some of the mental activities are: listening to a talking book, listening to music, watching live Performance, crafts, making cards, in the other side, we have the motivation, and I am planning to motivate t hem: givingShow MoreRelatedJob and Study Habit1678 Words   |  7 PagesBareng, Ph. D. 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It is based on the school’s mission and goals and identifies ways of translating these into a coherent and coordinated program of meaningful experiences and conditions eliciting responses that will lead to the transformation of the learners into authentic, warm and sensitive human beings (Palma, 1992). Moreover, the all-important process of cu rriculum

The On The Vietnamese Culture - 1199 Words

Everyone grow up with their different paths of choices. Some paths are predetermined by the significances around them, while others create their own route from free will judgments. I was born and raised in an environment where every questions and plans were somehow magically answered and made for me. It actually was not magic that put me on a course like this. It was the surroundings, expectations and the people that I was growing up with that yielded myself how to not decide how I should operate my life. This road I used to walk on was one of the hardest obstacle I had to get out off in my life. Being a child in the Vietnamese culture can result to two options. The child can be an uneducated kid that has to sell lottery tickets or clean†¦show more content†¦I had to go to cram schools late in the afternoon, meet up with my tutor every week, got punished just because I received a score of eight out of ten on an assignment and put on a thick pair of glasses at the age of ten. These are the effects when ones walking in a way of life that they were expected to partake. I did not really want to become a doctor or an engineer to my parents’ wishes but I was stuck in a deadlock of my culture. Fortunately, I was able to escape it because both of my parents realized that there will be no future for me if my future was based on an entrance exam and social connections to get my life somewhere. My family moved to the United States when fifth grade ended to unite with my dad s family and to give my little brother and I an opportunity to get a shot at life. Though my family migrated to the United States, my parents and everyone in the Vietnamese community still urge me to become a doctor or an engineer. Everyone still carry the same thought that I envisaged would be gone when we live in the land of the free, the nation where dreams and goals are to be pursue at one s own will. I ignored the recommendations and searched within my academic history to estimate what I am really good at in order to pick myself a career that I would be interested enough to care about achieving. Mathematics was always one of the subject that I found myself comfortable learning.

Air Cargo Article Critique Free Essays

China Airlines is facing a fine of up to $85,410 in US dollars for transporting 15 barrels of iridium 192, a class 7 radioactive material, without the proper permit.   In addition to the source cited here, this article can be found in a variety of publications and sources including Google Finance, since China Airlines (TPE:2610) is a publicly traded company. The barrels were kept in a warehouse from February 23rd to February 26th when the airline made application to and received approval to transport radioactive material from the Atomic Energy Council. We will write a custom essay sample on Air Cargo Article Critique or any similar topic only for you Order Now Employees at the Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport found relatively low radioactive levels of the iridium isotope which was being transported to Singapore from the United States.   The destination and intended use of the material is not known.   Iridium 193 is used to detect weaknesses in metal pipes, in radiotherapy, and in radiation treatment of certain cancers. This article underscores the importance of airline industry regulation of hazardous material transportation.   The article also underscores the importance of consistency in inspection and detection techniques in international airports. Since levels of radioactivity were low, perhaps employees in U.S. airports found no cause for concern.   It was probably assumed that the airline had the proper permit for handling and transporting the iridium. It is reasonable and correct for the Atomic Energy Council to levy a fine for not having the proper transportation permit.   However, the Council needs to work with cargo carriers, international agencies, and airports to develop uniform inspection and detection protocols. Inspection techniques should have examining transport licensing and permits as an objective.   Detection techniques should have determining acceptable radioactivity levels as an objective.   The techniques should have safe and timely transport of materials as a common goal. Reference CAL TO BE FINED FOR TRANSPORTING RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL WITHOUT PERMIT. (March 6, 2009). AsiaPulse News. Retrieved March 10, 2009, from General OneFile via Gale. Google Finance.   China Airlines Ltd.(Public, TPE:2610) Retrieved March 10.   2009, from http://www.google.com/finance?q=TPE:2610 How to cite Air Cargo Article Critique, Papers

AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PRESIDENTIAL ASSASSIN Essay Example For Students

AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PRESIDENTIAL ASSASSIN Essay ATIONS CALEB JOHN WALKER Junior Composition Honors Sr. Judith Diltz Friday, November 20, 1998 1. Lorant, Stefan, Abraham Lincoln. New York, Harper And Brothers., 1957. pp. 240-273. This section of the book talks about President Lincolns Assassination. President Lincoln did not feel that anyone would ever want to kill him. Lincoln was shot on April 14, 1865. He was going to see a play at Fords Theatre. He was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth. Booth had been planning this conspiracy for a long time. This assassination was one of many attempted ones by Booth and his fellow conspirators. Booth had carved a hole in Lincolns box so that he could observe him during the play. Booth jumped into the box and shot Lincoln in the head with a derringer. Lincoln was carried over to The Peterson House across the street. He died there at 7:22 the next morning. Booth got away on a waiting horse outside. He was chased by the calvary and was found in a barn. He was captured by setting the barn on fire and flushing him out. 2. Assassination Of Lincoln Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia. Computer software. Buffalo, New York: Encarta 97 Encyclopedia, 1993-1996. CD-ROM. This article is a summary of the events leading up to, the assassination, and the events after Abraham Lincolns death. He was killed April 15, 1865. His assassin was a man by the name of John Wilkes Booth. Lincoln was planing to attend a play at Fords Theatre that night. Booth shot him that night. Booth shot Lincoln with a small pistol known as a derringer. Booth managed to escape but was caught twelve days later when he was found hiding in a barn. He underwent surgery at a boarding house across the street from the theater. Lincoln died the morning after he was shot. His body was sent to Springfield, Illinois for burial. 3. Peterson, Roger S. Declassified, American History, July/August 1996, pp. 22-26. This article summarizes the assassination of President John F. Kennedy in Dallas Texas, on Friday, November 22, 1963. Also discussed is the investigation that followed. Kennedy was assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald, an ex-Marine. Kennedy was in a convertible, being driven in a parade. This article also talks about the conspiracies that were part of the assassination. Some researchers think that organized crime was involved in the assassination. Researchers reasoned that the shot that killed Kennedy must have come from behind him. There was however, another shot that came from the front. This was proved by medical examination conducted by Parkland Hospital officials in Dallas. The commission that was appointed to study this tragedy was headed by chief Justice Earl Warren. It is not known who fired the second shot. Some other researchers contend that the CIA plotted Kennedys assassination. . 4. Fraser, Richard A.R., M.D. How Did Lincoln Die?, American Heritage February/March 1995, pp. 63-70. This article talks about what actually killed President Abraham Lincoln. John Wilkes Booth is Lincolns assassin. It is not known whether the shot that Booth took actually killed the President. Neurosurgeon, Richard A. R. Fraser, has reason to believe that the surgeons that operated on Lincoln after he was shot. Improper medical procedures played an important role in his death. The derringer, the weapon used to shoot Lincoln, is a relatively weak weapon. Hence, Lincoln may have lived if the doctors had not improperly operated on him, he may have survived. The two surgeons present have different stories as to where the bullet lodged. The surgeon that was operating used his unsterilized finger to probe the hole in Lincolns head. This caused infection which contributed to Lincolns death. .u2acf7ffdb5d981fc0de899939343689d , .u2acf7ffdb5d981fc0de899939343689d .postImageUrl , .u2acf7ffdb5d981fc0de899939343689d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2acf7ffdb5d981fc0de899939343689d , .u2acf7ffdb5d981fc0de899939343689d:hover , .u2acf7ffdb5d981fc0de899939343689d:visited , .u2acf7ffdb5d981fc0de899939343689d:active { border:0!important; } .u2acf7ffdb5d981fc0de899939343689d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2acf7ffdb5d981fc0de899939343689d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2acf7ffdb5d981fc0de899939343689d:active , .u2acf7ffdb5d981fc0de899939343689d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2acf7ffdb5d981fc0de899939343689d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2acf7ffdb5d981fc0de899939343689d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2acf7ffdb5d981fc0de899939343689d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2acf7ffdb5d981fc0de899939343689d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2acf7ffdb5d981fc0de899939343689d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2acf7ffdb5d981fc0de899939343689d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2acf7ffdb5d981fc0de899939343689d .u2acf7ffdb5d981fc0de899939343689d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2acf7ffdb5d981fc0de899939343689d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Twelfth Night And Crossdressing Essay5. Wooley, Bryan. The Day John Kennedy Died, Dallas Times Herald, November 20, 1983: IN: SIRS 1991 History, Article 2. This article is a very in depth summary of President John F. Kennedys death. It contains very realistic dialog of the day President Kennedy was assassinated. He was killed on November 22, 1963. He had just finished delivering a speech in Dallas, Texas. He was in a convertible that was taking part in a procession. Crowds lined the streets in massive numbers. All of a sudden, a shot was heard. The president grasped for his neck. A second shot was fired. The Presidents head exploded, spraying blood on the passengers of the car. President Kennedy was taken to The Parkland Memorial hospital where he was pronounced dead an hour later. 6. Synopsis http://learning.turner.com/program/lincoln/entire.html (Nov. 16, 1998) This article summarizes Abraham Lincolns Assassination. He was killed .

Power`s Separation Essays - Constitutional Law, Philosophy Of Law

Power`s Separation It has proved true, historically, that there is a natural tendency of governments to assume as much power as possible. To prevent this from happening in the United States, the framers of the Constitution divided the functions of the federal government among three branches: the executive branch, legislature or the lawmaking branch and the judiciary. These should be separate and enjoy equal power and independence. This separation of powers is in direct contrast to the government in Britain. Their Parliament is the single governing unit. Members of the executive--the Cabinet and the Prime Minister--are members of Parliament. The highest court of appeal is the House of Lords. The separation of powers was also in contrast to the government under the Articles of Confederation. The Articles provided for no separate executive branch. The president was the presiding officer of the Congress. There was no national court system at all. The framers of the Constitution decided on a government in which the three main functions would be held by three separate branches. The Congress was empowered to make laws. The president was empowered, through the departments and agencies of the executive branch, to enforce the laws. The president is thus the head of the bureaucracy--the non-elected officials of government. The Supreme Court was established as the highest judicial authority. John Adams referred to this three-part arrangement as a system of checks and balances that protect the people from authoritarian or arbitrary rule. In addition to distributing power among the three branches of the federal government, the Constitution also distributes it among the states and the people. The Tenth Amendment specifically reserves all "powers not delegated to the United States" to the "States respectively, or to the people." Within each state there are many other governmental units. Each local government, from the smallest village to the largest city, has its necessary powers. There are taxing bodies, such as school districts, that have the authority they need in order to operate. Before continuing to mention how the separation of powers is applied in the United States presidential system, let me briefly explain the structure of the presidential system. The Presidential System United States Government The federal government of the United States was created by the Constitution, which went into operation in 1789 when the first Congress convened and George Washington took the oath of office as president. The government is called federal because it was formed by a compact (the Constitution) among 13 political units (the states). These states agreed to give up part of their independence, or sovereignty, in order to form a central authority and submit themselves to it. Thus, what was essentially a group of 13 separate countries under the Articles of Confederation united to form one nation under the Constitution. When the Declaration of Independence was issued in 1776, it used the term United States of America. Until the Constitution was adopted and ratified, however, the 13 states did not really form one nation. They each held onto so many powers individually, including conducting foreign policy and trade negotiations, that the Continental Congress could only do what the states allowed. The Articles were never the law of the land to the extent that the Constitution is. In essence, the United States as a nation did not come into existence until the Constitution began to function as the framework of the government. Once the Constitution was in place, tension between the states and the federal government did not automatically cease. Many political thinkers believed that the states were really the supreme authority. According to this viewpoint, states could nullify acts of the federal government that were disagreeable to them. One of the strongest proponents of this view was John C. Calhoun, senator from South Carolina. His chief opponent was Chief Justice John Marshall. Calhoun's position, called states' rights, has persisted to the present. It was seriously undermined, however, by the American Civil War. Since that war the federal government has gained much power at the expense of the states. The best known characteristic of the presidential system is the separation of powers. The three principal functions of the government are the formal promulgation of the law, its administration, and its adjudication. These are established in separate and co-ordinate branches. We call them the legislative, the executive and the judicial; they are independent of one another, but are at the same time made interdependent. (The judicial branch enjoys a considerable degree of independence in all nations subscribing to the Anglo-American tradition of jurisprudence, regardless of whether they have adopted the presidential system.) CONGRESS: The Legislation

History Essay

History Essay History Essay Hoover’s Response to Great Depression: He believed it was a crisis of confidence not of capitalism. The market is self-correcting. Hoover had a Laissez-Faire approach to the economy. He encouraged organizations of farmers, industrialists, and bankers to share information, bolster one another’s spirits, and devise policies to aid economic recovery. He urged farmers to restrict output, industrialists to hold wages at pre-depression levels, and bankers to help each other remain solvent. The federal government would provide them with information, strategies of mutual aid, occasional loans, and morale-boosting speeches. He relied heavily on volunteerism. Bread and soup lines were very popular during this time. He enacted the Smoot Hawley Tariff in 1930 which raised tariffs by 30%. The idea was that it would protect American farmers from international competition. Because of this world trade plummeted and it deepened depression in Europe, which hurt the US because they were paying back the US for war debts. Then Hoover declared a 1 year moratorium on European war debts which deepened the US depression. He also tried to balance the budget by raising taxes and the US GDP went down. He then created the Reconstruction Finance Corporation in 1932. It gave $2 billion loan to banks, railroads and state governments. He did not give money to the poor. It was a form of trickle-down economics and it was too little too late for Hoover. Roosevelt’s Response to Great Depression: FDR believed strongly that action needed to be taken immediately. He started off with The First New Deal. It was a dizzying array of laws, agencies and programs to bolster the economy. It was experimental in nature not ideological. Its three basic components were Industrial recovery, agricultural recovery, and short term relief for the jobless. One of the first things he did was put a 4 day bank holiday, and called an emergency session of congress. If after the 4 days the bank reopened, then it was deemed in good shape. This restored confidence to the American people and ended bank runs. For industrial recovery he created the National Recovery Act which had many different components for everybody. Examples were lifting anti-trust laws for business, Created jobs by giving money for public works, right to collective bargaining for workers, created the FDIC and SEC for regulation and confidence. For agricultural he created the Agricultura l Adjustment Act which extended credit to farmers. It also bolstered crop and livestock prices by reducing production, by paying farmers to plow over crops and kill livestock. For the jobless he created the Civilian Conservation Corps which created jobs for young men. The built state parks, roads, playgrounds etc. There was also the Tennessee Valley Authority which used dams to create electricity for poor people throughout the Tennessee valley area. There was some criticism of The First New deal and the Supreme Court ruled the NRA and AAA unconstitutional, this led to the Second New Deal. Started out with direct aid to the needy and created the Works Project Administration, which employed 8.5 million people. They were concerned with public works projects, as well as, writing, theater, art and youth projects. Another part of the Second New Deal was the Social Security Act to protect the elderly. It was just the very beginning of Social Security and it excluded many professions. Why Hoover responded that Way: Hoover was a strong believer in Lassiez-Faire economics. He believed that the economy has periods of ups and downs and that when the economy goes down it will eventually come back up again. He believed that the government must intervene as little as possible. As Secretary of Commerce did not want government to control industry but he wanted the government to persuade corporations to cooperate and make things better for industry as a whole. Another reason he may have responded that way is History essay History essay What were the most significant events in helping Indigenous Australians achieve positive change since World War II? World War 2 was an atrocity for many, its crimes spread far and wide including the execution of Jews, and torturing prisoners of war. But in its wake came a call for change, and all through the world people started to see human rights in a new way and improvements were made all round including for our own Aborigines. The first major changes were to come in 1949, which came with Australian citizenship for all Aboriginals. 1949 also brought them the right to vote in federal elections, if they had served in the army during the world wars, or if they were allowed to vote in their state election. This was countered however in Queensland where voting was entirely disallowed for Aborigines, and in Western Australia and the Northern Territory the right was conditional and was rarely granted. 1949 brought several other changes but most were delayed or simply refused, the major changes would have to wait until later. In 1962 the common wealth electoral act Gave Aborigines the option to vote in all federal elections, regardless of state or location. 1965 brought the integration policy which replaced the white Australia policy and sought to end discrimination towards Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders, it also allowed the federal government to overrule state policy if they saw that the states were mistreating Aborigines or ignoring their policies. On the 27th of May 1967 the commonwealth referendum to have aboriginals counted in the national census. It also made changes to our constitution removing section 127 of the constitution which stated â€Å"In reckoning the numbers of the people of the Commonwealth, or of a State or other part of the Commonwealth, aboriginal natives shall not be counted.† And changed section 51 paragraph 26, which then allowed the federal government to make laws regarding the Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders. On the 1st of June 1975 the Racial Discrimination Act was passed allowing the federal government to History Essay History Essay For writing History essays such as US history essays, American history essays, European history essays and world history essays, the first thing that is obligatory is the knowledge of the historical topic on which on which you have opted to write. For gaining that knowledge, you can read the history books, journals and articles depicting any historical event or incident. In a history essay, you have to concentrate on only one topic and have to write paragraphs dealing with that topic only. Remember that you should not include irrelevant information in history essays, as it will spoil your history essays. The paragraphs that you write in your history essays should be connected to each other and should be continuous until the argument is over or until the historical essay topics on which you are writing are justified. In a history essay, you have to deal with a number of paragraphs and each of these paragraphs deals with a particular idea or thought. No paragraph should discuss more than one idea or thought or it will look like a rambling paragraph that will have nothing particular and precise. History essays should be written with a clear idea in mind. First of all, an outline should be made that can help you arrange your ideas in a particular format. Before writing the final copy of your history essay, always write a draft. A draft will always inform you about your mistakes and errors regarding to the essays on history. For writing essays in history, students should gather relevant and authorized information from authorized sources to write a history essay. World history essays require enough hard work from the student, as they are very crucial and should not contain any mistake in terms of factual information. In case of delivering incorrect information, the history essays are completely rejected. World history essays require a lot of researching and analysis for the final drafting of a history essay. You have to arrange all the paragraphs using the format of introduction, body and conclusion. The introductory paragraph should introduce the topic fully while the conclusi on should summarize your stated information and the results that you have obtained from all your research. The history essay should be concluded in such a manner that it gives the writer and the reader a sense of completion. The body paragraph of history essays should contain all the information that you want to discuss in your history essay. Art history essay should also be written by following the same format that is described above. The above stated details must have added to your knowledge related to history essay writing. If you still want some sort of assistance related to history essays, you can get non-plagiarized essays on History from our essay writing company, which is there for your service and assistance. You can get AP history essays from our company and you will not be disappointed. You can get all kinds of history essays an all kinds of history essay topics from our custom essay service.

Flipgrid in Turkish Language Classes Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Flipgrid in Turkish Language Classes - Article Example As such, Flipgrid creates a social and interactive learning environment for foreign languages and it allows teachers to assess student performance. Each week involves five hours of instruction. Flipgrid is useful as it involves an interactive environment with question grids to enhance learning (Flipgrid 2014 b). The frequency of questions varies; Weekly questions are asked at the end of each week after 5 hours of weekly Turkish language instruction. End of Unit questions is different from weekly questions as they are more summative in nature (Flipgrid 2014 b). Â  Learners can practice their conversational Turkish skills on Flipgrid through face-to-face videos that strengthen speaking skills. In a class of 10 students of Turkish B1, students were often asked varied questions about their learning experience and were asked together collaborative as couples or in two groups of 5 students each. The interviews conducted on 20th December 2014 contained open and closed-ended questions allowing the students to have liberty in their responses. The responses were subsequently written and analyzed. Â  Flipgrid allows students to share their responses as well thereby creating an interactive collaborative space that encourages learning. As such, it creates a social learning environment and social presence has been shown to improve student performance and learning as well as instructor satisfaction (Swan and Richardson 2003, 68). Â  It is extremely useful for Turkish language learning as it can better train the tongue for pronouncing foreign languages (Waid 2014). This way the teachers are able to achieve their learning objectives. A teacher can hold discussions by providing a prompt grid to which students respond via video. Â  

Executive summaries of The Accounting Wizardry Behind Banks Strong Essay

Executive summaries of The Accounting Wizardry Behind Banks Strong Earnings - Essay Example This followed after a further review of the latter. It was noticed that up to 31% of JPM’s profits of the financial year 2013 averaging $5.6 billion and 10% of WFC’s profits gained the same year amounting to $2.2 billion were not realistically earned. That money accrued came from the two bank’s loan-loss reserves. Loan-loss reserves, as mentioned, are set aside by the banks’ lenders given a financial crises is prevalent or when the U.S. economy is on the worst side. This goes hand in hand with the inflation projections on the economy with consumers experiencing hard times in financing their mortgages, credit card bills and other loans. Evidently, according to Josh Rosner, a Graham Fisher industry analyst based in New York, running out of reserves makes it in order to cuts costs on loans. It is imperative to note that one of the effects of this is the depreciation in the growth in revenue. Bank of America (BOA), which is ranked fourth among the largest American banks, flaunts turning losses into profits as a result of offsetting the loan-loss reserves. Since 2010, BOA had accrued losses of up to $11.8 billion, but from embracing change, it has surpassed all the setbacks and seen profits up to $11.4 billion on the better side. Additionally, Citigroup (C), which reported enormous profits of $40.4 billion about the same time, would have gained half of what their income was disregarding the accounting benefits. Evidently, when BOA was relying on reserves, profits were not well off in comparison to when they would not have used the boost from the reserves. In 2009, BOA would have realized profits of up to $55 billion were it not for the $48.6 billion reserve money they owed. On the same breathe, profits from other banks, which relied on their reserves during inflation were affected accordingly. It was noted that despite bank earnings poor performance, investors notably still embraced

Internet Advertising: Comparison of Nigeria and Hungary

Internet Advertising: Comparison of Nigeria and Hungary Abstract Despite the marginal difference between Nigeria and Hungary, the internet develops a relationship that can be exploited. Internet users of both countries are dominated by youths, and thus are the most accessible to internet ads. Internet advertising also termed online advertising or internet marketing or web advertising is simply the making available of advertising messages and marketing communication through the internet via the web. Internet advertising which was introduced several years after traditional advertising (banners) in the 1990s now suppresses all other advertising medias and hence constitutes a significant channel for the majority of firms. These firms range from small to big sizes, national and multinational, service providing to manufacturing enterprises (Restaurants to ship manufacturing agencies). Internet advertising now shares a position in the context of marketing communication strategy planning and implementation. It is vital for organizations considering internet marketing strategy to effectively associate each component reason being that, with the global market place, it is important for entrepreneurs and marketers to be critical of what is most beneficial and meets their needs to the internet marketing strategy intended for use. Byusing the standard advertising program process as a base,it is simple to outline the characteristics of the Internet which abusiness must take into consideration when planning a Web advertisingcampaign (Kotler, 1997). Without trying to dispute earlier findings in this thesis, the work presented attempts in it own way to highlight some comparative ideas of internet advertising between Nigeria and Hungary thus stating the aims of this paper based on internet users social context on the effectiveness of internet advertisement. By using primary material from books and other sources, the idea of internet advertisement is identified. And by considering other publication, some conclusions are generated for the better understanding of this piece. By examining the topic of this thesis, its extensive nature is revealed. Three fields of study are mentioned and are dealt with accordingly -Marketing, information technology, and advertisement (internet advertising). As broad as each of these could be, the presentation is quite short and straight to the most essential. The study depicts the differences in the attitude of internet users to ads. The analysis obtained from input sources reveal a significant relationship between the type of activities of users through which they come into contact with internet ads in each of the two countries (Nigeria and Hungary). 1 Introduction 1.1 Background of Study The growth in Internet Advertising has paved its way and settles comfortably in the global world of business due to internet innovations. Further more its effects, impact and usefulness can be observed social aspect of human activities thereby creating greater opportunities for a more developed and diversified recreation. The Internet or World Wide Web has quickly become the most effective way for businesses to advertise their products or services to expected consumers. Some Web sites such sell advertisement space for sponsoring and by so doing they profit highly from the increase of advertising on the Internet. The number of people with internet access and internet services is growing continuously at a geometric rate and with internet advertisement potential customers can view these advertisements thereby contributing to the maximum level of business profits. Recent studies on internet advertising focus more on empirical works as well as theoretical structures there by investigating the role of some factors in the success of internet advertising, none the less it is necessary to present some significant measures employed in this thesis to quantify advertising effectiveness. According to Pavlou and Steward (2000), advertisement has a direct effect to consumers and therefore considered as an independent variable while consumer response is the dependent variable. They further explain the nature of the highly interactive environments taking into account other factors such as online context in which advertisement takes place in order to render this study more insightful. Incorporated here are many aspects of internet advertisement context as types of internet activities and users social context in the study of responses to internet advertisement. Internet advertising is rapidly growing and advertisements have become more apparent in our Internet usage. When advertising on the Internet, both the businesses and the web sites (search engines) profits. Businesses profit from the use of internet advertising by minimizing cost compared to standard advertising which is a lot more expensive. Internet advertising raises awareness, conveys advertisers messages and enhances brand perceptions and with greater advertisement exposure inflicts even greater impact. Responds to this advertisement differs considerably by different individual in different Geographical locations and cultural background. An AdHoc study conducted by Gemius in cooperation with Sanoma Budapest proves that most Internet users in Hungary have a positive attitude towards online advertising. Moreover it shows what their behavior is like in response to online advertising and the perceived image of the advertised companies. The respondents were also evaluating different formats of advertisements in the survey, indicating the ones that they know best and the favorite ones. The research was conducted on the Internet in the form of a pop-up survey (random sampling) on May 2006. 67% of the respondents declared that they accept online advertisements as the price for free access to web sites. (International Operations Department, Press release June 30, 2006) Internet usage in Nigeria is an important issue with the average student using 10.5 hours per week and the total population averaging 3.5 hours per week. Internet usage in Nigeria has consistently grown to 11million internet users as of June 2009 according to the International Communication Union (ITU) report. Various types of broadband bring the internet to our door steps such as Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ASDL), Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (SDSL), cable broadband, wireless, satellite, Local Loop Unbundling (LLU) etc With the accession of the internet, came an easier method of communication, transmission of information to the public and hence the rise of the internet advertisement. Advertising on the Internet can be viewed as a social contract between advertisers and Internet users. Every individual comes across advertising through multiple channels; either outdoor: through fliers, bill boards etc or indoor: through the internet, A reason why todays market is highly dominated by advertising. Based on the fact that we live in a globalized world, advertising is recognized in every country in its own structure with respect to its culture, consumer demand or requirements. 1.2 Aims and objectives This thesis outlines and compares how internet users in Nigeria and Hungary respond to internet advertisements with focus on the technical aspects, social networking and simple basic adverts in websites. In addition I am searching for various answers and perceptions of what people from these different countries think about these adverts and the effect it has on them in a cultural perspective considering the fact that both cultures are not only socially different but economical and educational as well. In the first part of this study, I am researching how technical aspects, such as social networking and website adverts in Nigeria and Hungary. It is followed by an evaluation of how Nigerians and Hungarians respond to internet in the second part. The third part focuses on a research for: the changes the internet brings in Nigeria and Hungary for example is the internet improving industries such as the banking sector or being an important educational tool for students? Is it the centre of attention for businesses? Finally, the fourth part is the conclusion drawn based on the findings of the aforementioned research. 2 Literature review Under the literature review, I will be considering a thorough review of the already existing literature on the subject of internet advertising which is highly important for the continual understanding of the sections in this thesis. Picking the pieces and fitting them together I will build a concrete piece on the above mentioned topic starting with defining the parts that make up our topic, considering the social and technical aspect of the internet, advertising and last but not the least marketing. 2.1 The internet The birth of the internet did not come as a surprise, may be to the common man in the streets but definitely not for the scientist who had been expecting something new, fresh, cheap and friendlier. It emerged in the early 1960s as a way for the US department of defense to create a secure means of communication in case of uncertainties. It evolved from Advance Research Agency (ARPA) in 1969 to ARPANET for the civilian sector and MILNET (military network) â€Å"(Jeffrey F. Rayport et al. 2001)†. In the 1980s ARPANET was renamed National science Foundation Network (NSFNET). The progress of this development proceeded in 1989 with the creation of a more efficient way of sharing information by defining the Hypermedia Protocol (HTTP- Hypertext Transfer Protocol) which is the standard addressing format URL (Uniform Resource Locator) and the programming language HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) which has become the basis of World Wide Web (WWW) which is universal and the most used part of the internet to access multimedia e.g. text documents, graphics, videos etc â€Å"(Jeffrey F. Rayport et al. 2001)†. In 1993, a team led by Marc Anderson developed a new piece of software called â€Å"Mosaic† as the first internet browser after which other browsers were introduced, like internet explorer by Microsoft which became the most prominent â€Å"(Jeffrey F. Rayport et al. 2001)†. After these developments, todays internet has not only brought technology but also affects the way things are done world wide. It is continuously changing to the extent that it has taken almost all diversification and stems all changes in world business, revolutionarising the way business is done, the concepts between business and consumers. 2.2 Overview of the general background of advertising Advertising is a collective term for public announcements designed to promote the sale of specific products or services. It is a form of mass selling, employed when the use of direct, person-to-person selling is impractical, impossible, or simply inefficient. Advertising techniques range in complexity from the publishing of simple notices in the classified-advertising columns of newspapers to integrated marketing communications, involving the concerted use of advertising in newspapers, magazines, television, and radio, and on the internet which is our main focus. Advertising dates back to the Christian era. Advertisements transited from the outdoor signs as paintings on wall of buildings that were very sight captivating to company trade marks which were two or three dimensional picture or signs in the 16th centuries. Around the 1880s, there came Mail orders and pamphlets and in late19th century, many American firms began to market packaged goods under brandnames. Previously consumers had not been aware of or influenced by brand names. The first product that had brand name was soap products. In the 1880s a fewbrands came out and they were Ivory, Pears, Sapolio, Colgate, Kirks AmericanFamily and Packers. Not long after brands such as Royal baking powder, Quakeroats, Bakers chocolate, Hires root beer, regal shoes, etc were nationally advertised. 2.2.1 Stages of advertisement The major goal of advertising is to generate awareness of a business and its products. Once the business reputation is established and its products are positioned within the market, the amount of resources used for advertising will decrease as the consumer develops a kind of loyalty to the product. Targeting the audience, product concept, communication media, and advertising message are the core elements of an advertising strategy, and are often referred to as the creative mix. Again, what most advertisers stress from the beginning is clear planning and flexibility. And key to these aims is creativity, and the ability to adapt to new market trends. Target consumer is a complex combination of persons. It includes the person who ultimately buys the product, as well as those who decide what product will be bought (but dont physically buy it), and those who influence product purchases, such as children, spouse, and friends. In order to identify the target consumer, the following should be considered; Demographics(Age, gender, job, income, ethnicity, and hobbies.), Behaviors (awareness of the business and its competition, the type of vendors and services the consumer uses, and the types of appeals that are likely to convince the consumer to give the advertisers product or service a chance.), Needs and Desires (determine consumer needs in practical and self-image terms.) The product concept grows out of the guidelines established in the positioning statement. How the product is positioned within the market will dictate the kind of values the product represents, and thus how the target consumer will receive that product. Therefore, it is important to remember that no product is just itself, but, as Courtland L. Bovee and William F. Arens stated in Contemporary Advertising, a bundle of values that the consumer needs to be able to identify with. Whether couched in presentations that emphasize sex, humor, romance, science, masculinity, or femininity, the consumer must be able to believe in the products representation. The communication media is the means by which the advertising message is transmitted to the consumer. In addition to marketing objectives and budgetary restraints, the characteristics of the target consumer need to be considered as an advertiser decides what media to use. Advertisers can choose from the following media categories such as Print, Video, World Wide Web, Direct mail, outdoor advertising-Billboards, advertisements on public transportation (cabs, buses). After deciding on the medium that is 1) financially in reach and 2) most likely to reach the target audience, an advertiser needs to schedule the broadcasting of that advertising. The media schedule, as defined by Hills, is the combination of specific times (for example, by day, week, and month) when advertisements are inserted into media vehicles and delivered to target audiences. An advertising message is guided by the advertising or copy platform, which is a combination of the marketing objectives, copy, art, and production values. This combination is best realized after the target consumer has been analyzed, the product concept has been established, and the media and vehicles have been chosen. At this point, the advertising message can be directed at a very concrete audience to achieve very specific goals. Hiam and Schewe listed three major areas that an advertiser should consider when endeavoring to develop an effective advertising platform: the unique features of the products, how consumers will evaluate the product, rank of competitors in the eyes of the consumer, their weaknesses in their positions and their strengths. Copy: When composing advertising copy, it is crucial to remember that the primary aim is to communicate information about the business and its products and services. Many companies utilize a theme or a slogan as the center piece of such efforts, emphasizing major attributes of the businesss products or services in the process. But as Hiam and Schewe caution, while something must be used to animate the theme †¦care must be taken not to lose the underlying message in the pursuit of memorable advertising. Art work and layout: Small business owners also need to consider the visual rhetoric of the advertisement, which simply means that the entire advertisement, including blank space, should have meaning and logic. Most industry experts recommend that advertisers use short paragraphs, lists, and catchy illustrations and graphics to break up and supplement the text and make the document both visually inviting and easy to understand. Remember, an advertisement has to capture the readers attention quickly. 2.2.2 Internet advertising Internet advertising is a message delivered to people by placing adverts on Search engines, Social networking websites such as Facebook, e-mails, pop ups etc. These adverts can be seen by the whole world and are not limited to a geographical region. In this same respect, adverts are meant for the mass and there are many users of internet worldwide so the message gets spread widely and quickly thereby reaching people of different cultures and beliefs. Some of the people might be uninterested because the signs or symbols used violate their cultures. E-mails are also sent to people who are either not interested or are not located geographically in areas accessible to the products. 2.2.3 Advantages and disadvantages of internet ads The most common item that determines advantages of a product or service lies in its cost. Internet advertising packages could be available at very low costs (10 dollars per monthly subscription). Trouble free relativity could also be a great advantage internet advertisement has over other media ads, to the user and the producer, all which is needed is first of all a PC then internet service, through which you can either design a site or survey advert sites. It is could also be noticed that with internet advertisement, when advertisers get to know the age group, taste, and sex of consumers who most frequently survey their ads, site owners could easily and quickly update their pages to current consumer needs compared to other media ads which could do so only periodically. Market presentation is also easy with internet ad, product or service is designed for the younger generation or the corporate world are easily viewed by this class of persons as they make the greater proportion of int ernet users and the greatest proportion of consumers. Though a multiple advantages make internet advertisement favorable, some disadvantages could still be noticed. Internet advertisement is made better with professional help and these additional costs make some ads more expensive than others. It is disadvantageous to use only the internet as advertising medium because there are a hand full of persons who can not gain access to this new technology or they just dont have the trust in these internet ads. 2.3 Broad band connections in Hungary and Nigeria Broadband connection is a new concept used, in place of dial up connections. Broadband internet connection is faster and offers a host of advantages in them. The speed is usually faster than a dial up connection, which facilitates many operations at a time in for example watching many online live shows and movie downloads etc. There are various types of broadband offered nowadays. Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ASDL), Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (SDSL), cable, wireless, satellite, Local Loop Unbundling (LLU) etc are some common types. Hungarys internet providers provide their services using a number of broadband which include DSL, Cable broadband, ADSL2+ and Wireless broadband. The broad band is distributed through multiple distribution channels namely; UPC, T-Kabel, Fibernet and DIGI. Hungarys broadband market experiences strong growth, Cable broadband is widely available due to the network penetration of the countrys cable operators. The broadband market as a whole experiences a significant growth as the regulators have reduced access tariffs and have introduced a wholesale system based on retail tariffs to ensure suitable margin for alternative operators. Digital cable services have been launched by a handful of the smaller cable operators and the countrys Direct To Home (DTH) market is showing fresh signs of life. The Internet access sector in Hungary constitutes the total revenues generated by Internet Service Providers (ISPs) from the provision of narrowband and broadband Internet connections through both consumer and corporate channels. Similar to Hungary, Nigeria uses ADSL, cable and wireless broadband services which are rapidly replacing the formal dial up access method. Market penetration is still low leaving room for necessary growth. Nigerians connect to the internet in many ways through Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) links, Wireless microwave links internet access and Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) access. Many of these sessions are through internet cafes as very few Nigerians have their own personal computers. Mobile operators are strongly gaining growth by providing Nigerians to access the internet through mobile devices. Such service providers are; MTN, Celtel, and Glo Mobile providing internet, GPRS, EDGE, UMTS and HSDPA all across the nation. 2.4 Technical aspects of internet usage in Nigeria and Hungary Internet usage is regarded with direct reflection of the total countrys population. This would be termed the percentage rate of penetration which relates to the number of internet users per square feet of the population. Public cyber cafe of various shades and sizes are the most common method of access individuals have to the internet. In addition to that, there are internet service providers delivering direct access to individuals and businesses on a variety of platforms. There is widespread availability in urban centres, and fairly good availability in smaller towns most recently, mobile phone lines such as MTN, Celtel, and Glo Mobile provide internet, GPRS, EDGE, UMTS and HSDPA all across the nation, it is almost amazing to find internet access in some of the most remote locations in the country. According to an issue in trade invest Nigeria onBroadband in Nigeria: The revolution is coming by Jaco Maritzs; posted on Sunday, March 16th 2008, Nigerians connect to the internet in many ways but 53% of connections are made through Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) links. Wireless microwave links account for 19% of internet access and Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) access are estimated to be only 14%. Many of these sessions are through internet cafes as very few Nigerians have their own personal computers. National Bureau of Statistics figures show that in 2006 less than 10% of internet users had access from the workplace and less than 4% from the home. Only 1.3% of the population own personal computers. Nigerian internet users are aged between 11 and 40 with a greater part of this population being students, business persons, and to a lower extent, the public functions giving a 7.4 % total internet population penetration. (See appendix Diagram N2) In Hungary, other than the traditional activities of the internet (emailing, browsing, reading journals online), a greater extent of Internet users use it for the leisure function of the web, job search and application, internet purchases, watching or listening to news, entertainment purposes as well. Users in Hungary vary between the ages of 10 and 69 summing a total of 34.9% internet rate of penetration. 55% of these users use the online voice transmission in communication and chatting, at least 33 percent have tried to watch television via the internet. The number of people using internet at home increases considerably, from 23% in 2007 to 28% in 2008 and 41% in 2009. Having access to the internet does not necessarily imply using it as of the 46% of home owners 10 % of them do not use it at all. (See appendix Diagram H3) 2.5 Marketing in Hungary and Nigeria Advertising is in respect to marketing, that is; people advertise to make known their products and hence gain marketing ground; therefore a vivid understanding of marketing is necessary. Customer satisfaction, as a construct, has been fundamental to marketing for over three decades and every advertisement tries to comply with this logic. As far back as 1960s, satisfying the needs and desires of the consumer stands as the definition of marketing â€Å"Keith 1960†. Interest in customer satisfaction increased through out the years till date. Several studies have shown that it costs about five times to gain a new customer as it does to keep an existing customer and these results into more interest in customer relationships (Naumann, 1995). Companies now have big investment in database marketing, relationship management and customer planning to move closer to their customers â€Å"Hill and Alexander (2000)†. These definitions demonstrate that increasing customer satisfaction affects companies directly, increases their market shares which lead to improved profits, positive recommendation, lower marketing expenditures and greatly impacts company corporate image and hence enhances their survival. The relevance of these definitions to this study indicates that customers access the internet services based on experience of use and rating is done in accordance with the internet services attributes. In this study, customer satisfaction in the Nigerian and Hungarian markets will be evaluated based on customers usage and their reaction to internet advertisements, experience of network quality, billing, validity period and customer care support. By Marketing Penetration we imply where a company expands market share in an existing market byusing existing products which could be done in 4 main ways. 1. Persuade existing customers to buy more of the same product, thiscan be done buy promotions such as 3 for 2. This make the customerfeel as if they are getting more for their money, and hopefullycould stop them from switching to alternative brands. 2. Attracting new customers to products. This can be done buyimproving the image of the product, new packaging, reducing price,or buy giving a % extra free. 3. Poaching customers from competitors. Buy reducing price, givingfreebies, and a % extra free with the product. Doing this couldincrease your market share and reduce your competitors. 4. Withdrawing other products. Buy withdrawing less profitableproducts, similar products can become more profitable, and sellmore. Marketing through internet advertising targets all already existing consumers and expected consumers both to cultivate lasting customer relationships. The internet provides a new and cheap channel for marketing through advertising. Once in the internet any customer is able to see an advert posted and many are willing to place orders via the internet by sending emails directly to the web host. According to Armstrong et al (2005), the internet is an excellent channel for communication with customers on individual basis because of its immediate and direct interaction capability. From companys point of view, a companycan enter the cyber marketing world without theintervention of any intermediaries simply by buying into the technology itself and by turning the medium into amarketing research as well as an advertising medium, interactive media also operates in territories not covered by a vendorssales force, therefore reaching the showroom and the sales pitch to the buyersremote locations simply by dropping it in the post. It can be agreed that internet marketing improves brand image of a company or products or both, hence it is a revenue earner, reliability of the country is very important for the success of internet marketing. Companies necessarily focus their internet marketing based on the gender difference and so make more money though Consumers remain uncertain. Internet marketing can be used successfully whether it is industrial products or consumer products. It is undisputable that online support is an important factor to make internet marketing a success. Companies and consumers agree that more user friendly, better key word matches would drive the future search engine marketing. 2.6 Pricing factor in internet advertising Prising in internet advertisement is a subject which can not be under minded as it involves the reason for advertising (both the advertiser and the consumer) each product or service advertised carries a different parameters depending on the desires of the individual consumer who finally decides on his/her preferences. After this determining factor of attribute parameter of product, the price becomes a relevant factor. Price is a parameter of buyers decision that can not be overlooked, further more, when a characteristic is considered more important than price in making a purchase decision, then its value is considered to be a requirement for purchase, but if the intended characteristic is considered less important than price, then acceptable range can be seen as preference rather than requirement (Joan Morris and Paul P. Maglio, 2001) Therefore, price is a general determinant for especially price sensitive consumers. Internet advertisers have different pricing techniques to attract new buyers and at the same time maintain already existing consumers which is based on consumer characteristic and the dynamically nature of demand and supply. Some of such frequently used pricing techniques are: Dynamic pricing As the term indicates, it is the dynamic adjustment of prices to consumers depending on the value attributed to product or service by these same consumers. By making provisions for affordable prices for certain products, this system instigates optimal results for consumers and hence enhances maximum sales to those selling. With internet marketing, there exists an evident shift from fixed pricing to dynamic pricing with greater competition existing against the formal and still existing traditional marketing system. Price differentiation It is a process whereby the same product of different units is sold at different prices to different consumers. With price differentiation, prices differ with the number of units sold. This could involve group pricing, discount pricing etc. With price differentiation, companies decrease the suitability of their products and services by customising their offers to the requirements of specific customers or market segment. This provides the customer with an advantage to purchase the said product or service. Using these pricing techniques enables the consumer to purchase a product by stating his or her own price, considering the suitability of the product in question. The right price in the market can not be easily determined, prices are competitive and this directly influences price sensitive consumers who have the tendency to fall for the most appreciated prices during their purchases. The best price in internet market does not only consider the price established by the producer or seller but also that requested by the buyer or consumer. Internet marketing offers the opportunity for companies to test prices, segment customers and adjust to change in supply and demand (Efraim Turban et Al. 2006) to consumers these pricing techniques are advantageous in the sense that consumers have the opportunity to find unique items and collectibles, consumers remain unanimous, internet market creates a bargaining atmosphere enabling the consumer to opt for the most affordable price, it is more convenient as consumer is not obliged to change location to execute a purchase and for the producers, they gain more customers by offering more items directly, it enhances maximum sales which is a fundamental base of every business, it improves customer relationship and customer loyalty to already existing customers. 2.7 Factors influencing intern

Appeal statement

I am writing to appeal my academic dismissal from XXXXX State University. I was not surprised, but very upset to receive a letter earlier this week informing me of my dismissal. I would like to urge you to accept my appeal to Reversal for Dismissal Action. I admit, I had a very difficult time past two semesters, and my grades suffered as a result. I don't mean to make excuses for my poor academic performance, but I would like to explain the circumstances.I knew that registering for 10 credit hours in the spring would require a lot of my effort, but I needed to earn the hours so that I was on track to graduate on time. I thought I could handle the work load, and I still think I could have, except that my family circumstances were ruining and as I was far from home and could not concentrate on my course work. While there was financial problems which were pressurized on me to graduate soon.With all these Problems I was made to do part time in order to meet my expenses and fell ill frequ ently which lead to irregularity of attending classes Needless to say, the hours I used to spent n part time work cut into my study time. Even when I was at school, I was very distracted with the home situation and was unable to focus on my schoolwork. I understand now that I should have communicated with my professors (instead of avoiding them), or even taken a leave of absence. I thought I could handle all of these burdens, and I tried my best, but I was wrong.I love XXXXX State University, and it would mean so much to me to graduate with a degree from this school, which would make me the first person in my family to complete a college degree. If I am reversed for Dismissal Action, I will focus much better on my schoolwork, take few credit hours, As financially things are getting better at my home I need not do any part time and manage my time more wisely by concentrating only on course work, plan a schedule of meeting my advisor and professors frequently, will retake the courses in which I scored low grades again, and get better grades.Fortunately, I came for a visit to my home town and I am feeling much better as things are getting better at my home and feeling relieved from my depressions. Also, I will meet my advisor as soon as I reach Kent, and I will follow her advice and will communicate better with my professors from now on. Please understand that my low GPA that led to my dismissal does not indicate that I am a bad student. Really, I'm a good student who had one very, very bad year. I hope you will give me a second chance. Thank you for considering this appeal. Sincerely,

Continuing Education Essay

Continuing education (called further education in the United Kingdom and Ireland) is an all-encompassing term within a broad spectrum of post-secondary learning activities and programs. The term is used mainly in the United States and Canada. Recognized forms of post-secondary learning activities within the domain include: degree credit courses by non-traditional students, non-degree career training, workforce training, formal personal enrichment courses (both on-campus and online) self-directed learning (such as through Internet interest groups, clubs or personal research activities) and experiential learning as applied to problem solving. GENERAL CONTINUING EDUCATION General continuing education is similar to adult education, at least in being intended for adult learners, especially those beyond traditional undergraduate college or university age. However, it is not normally considered to include basic instruction such as literacy, English language skills, or programs such as vocational training or GED preparation. Instead, as the term suggests, it is assumed that the student already has an education and is simply continuing it. Frequently, in the United States, continuing education involves enrollment in college/university credit-granting courses, often by students enrolled part-time, and often offered through a division or school of continuing education of a college/university known sometimes as the university extension or extension school. Also frequently in the US, it can mean enrollment in non-credit-granting courses, often taken for personal, non-vocational enrichment (although many non-credit courses can also have a vocational function). Also, in the US, many such non-credit courses are offered by community colleges. The University of Wisconsin–Madison, in 1907, was the first academic institution in the US to offer what today would be considered an identifiable continuing education program. [1][2] In 1969, Empire State College, a unit of the State University of New York, was the first institution in the US to exclusively focus on providing higher education to adult learners. In 1976 the University of Florida created its own Division of Continuing Education and most courses were offered on evenings or weekends to accommodate the schedules of working students. [3] In the spring  of 2009, Eduventures, a higher education consulting firm, released the results of a study that illustrated that the recession had made a significant impact on the views of prospective continuing education students. A survey of 1,500 adults who planned to enroll in a course or program within the next two years determined that while nearly half of respondents believed that the value of education had risen due to the recession, over two-thirds said the state of the economy had affected their plans to pursue continuing education. CATEGORIES OF CONTINUING EDUCATION. Continuing education can be broken down into three categories: Formal education * Structured and organized education, training or professional development that takes place in a school, in the workplace or through a professional credit-granting organization. * Learning takes place under the set rules of the school and the education must be completed within specific time lines. * Results in a formal certification. Non-formal education * Education, training or professional development activities that are provided by by education institutions, community organizations and training agencies. * More flexible about meeting the student’s needs. * Depending on the program, this kind of education does not always result in a formal certification. Informal education * The process of gaining knowledge, skills and values from daily experiences at home, in the community or at work. * Individuals learn in order to enrich themselves. * May result in a certification, but not always. To learn out more about continuing education policy, explore these reports and papers: * Harnessing the power and potential of adult learning and education for a viable future – Sixth International Conference on Adult Education (CONFINTEA VI), UNESCO, December 2009. * Qualifications Systems: Bridges to Lifelong Learning – Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, April 2007. CONTINUING EDUCATION FOR PROFESSIONALS Within the domain of Continuing Education, professional continuing education is a specific learning activity generally characterized by the issuance of a certificate or continuing education units (CEU) for the purpose of documenting attendance at a designated seminar or course of instruction. Licensing bodies in a number of fields impose continuing education requirements on members who hold licenses to practice within a particular profession. These requirements are intended to encourage professionals to expand their knowledge base and stay up-to-date on new developments. Depending on the field, these requirements may be satisfied through college or university coursework, extension courses or conferences and seminars attendance. Although individual professions may have different standards, the most widely accepted standard, developed by the International Association for Continuing Education & Training, is that ten contact hours equals one Continuing Education Unit. [5] Not all professionals use the CEU convention. For example, the American Psychological Association accredits sponsors of continuing education such as PsychContinuingEd. com and uses simply a CE approach. In contrast to the CEU, the CE credit is typically one CE credit for each hour of contact. METHOD AND FORMAT OF CONTINUING EDUCATION The method of delivery of continuing education can include traditional types of classroom lectures and laboratories. However, many continuing education programs make heavy use of distance learning, which not only includes independent study, but can also include videotaped/CD-ROM material, broadcast programming or Online Education which has more recently dominated the distance learning community. Many universities such as Southern New Hampshire University, have begun to offer hybrid courses; where adult learners have the option of in-classroom learning, as well as taking online courses. [6] Online courses have brought the possibility of obtaining an affordable college education to many of those of to whom it was previously out of reach. In addition to independent study, the use of conference-type group study, which can include study networks (which can, in many instances, meet together online) as well as different types of seminars/workshops, can be used to facilitate learning. A combination of traditional, distance, and conference-type study, or two of these three methods, may be used for a particular continuing education course or program. CONTINUING EDUCATION UNIT A continuing education unit (CEU) or continuing education credit (CEC) is a measure used in continuing education programs, particularly those required in a licensed profession in order for the professional to maintain the license. Examples of people who need CEUs include: teachers, interior designers/interior architects, lighting designers, architects, engineers, educators, nurses, mental health professionals, and social workers. Generally, a CEU is defined as ten hours of participation in a recognized continuing education program, with qualified instruction and sponsorship. CEU records are widely used to provide evidence of completion of continuing education requirements mandated by certification bodies, professional societies, or governmental licensing boards. The records also provide employers with information on training pertinent to particular occupations. The term CEU is in the public domain. Any organization may award a traditional CEU without requiring any accreditation. With a traditional CEU an employer or other organization must decide on an individual basis whether to honor the CEU from a training provider. Due to certain CEU providers not adhering to high standards, and the lack of standards for specific fields, there is sometimes a distrust of the value of a CEU, and accrediting organizations have been created to standardize what a CEU means. [1] Of these, the International Association for Continuing Education & Training (IACET) offers the accreditation of CEUs for the most industries. Specific industries, such as nursing, health, etc. , have their own accrediting processes for CEUs. Any accredited CEU generally has a preface of the accrediting body. For instance training institutions accredited by the IACET can offer IACET CEUs. THE GOALS OF CONTINUING EDUCATION Ideally, continuing-education programs benefit both businesses and workers. Businesses encourage continuing education in order to sustain a highly skilled and specialized workforce—a workforce with the skills to perform a variety of tasks or workers with â€Å"cross-functional† skills. Workers, on the other hand, may receive promotions, gain more power in the job market, or become more valuable employees by enrolling continuing-education programs. Courses are available through a variety of channels. High schools, community colleges, universities, and trade/professional societies and organizations all provide continuing-education programs. Many offer night courses or run weekend-only programs that provide a convenient alternative for those with traditional Monday through Friday schedules. Schools sometimes team up with businesses and organizations to offer programs jointly. In addition, many companies run their own continuing-education programs, ranging from workshops and seminars to full-fledged college-credit curriculums. For example, Associated Spring, of Bristol, Connecticut, a division of the Barnes Group, cosponsors a voluntary on-site training program for employees that allows participants to earn credits toward associate degrees. The classes are run by instructors from Tunxis Community-Technical College in nearby Farmington. Classes range from basic subjects such as English composition to advanced managerial courses, such as organizational behavior, business and society (the study of public policy), and labor relations. By offering such courses, businesses can ensure that they have a steady supply of qualified workers. While advancing technology played a role in creating the need for continuing education, it also created new avenues for providing continuing education. The Internet, for example, eased the burden of enhancing business skills by allowing professionals to learn at home whenever convenient, alleviating the commuting and the time constraints associated with traditional classes. Universities as well as professional societies and organizations set up Internet classrooms or web sites that provide audio and visual instruction in such fields as insurance, accounting, real estate, and computer software. Not all continuing-education courses are aimed at professionals. Some schools offer training facilities and programs for tradespeople such as plumbers and carpenters. Classes in such programs provide not only practical information on the tasks of the trades, but also information on how to start and manage businesses. THE BENEFITS OF CONTINUING EDUCATION People who upgrade their work skills and knowledge not only can keep up with the latest technologies and business techniques, but they also can receive other benefits, such as the training needed to climb the corporate ladder and to realize additional career goals. Training facilities often house state-of-the-art equipment such as computers and computer-based training equipment. Computers can facilitate interactive training through computer networks such as the Internet. With this technology, learners have instant access to experts in virtually every vocation. While continuing education is sometimes perceived as largely a means to career advancement, researchers in the late 1990s argued that continuing education was becoming less of an option and more of a necessity. Hence, one of the greatest benefits workers may derive from continuing education is simply keeping their jobs. Nevertheless, additional education still can help employees receive promotions and land better jobs. Besides these basic advantages, some experts contend that continuing education provides additional benefits at a more abstract level. Continuing education allows workers to clarify and understand the purpose and goals of their occupations. In addition, continuing education can help advance various occupations by giving employees the opportunity to acquire both theoretical and practical occupational knowledge and to improve their problem-solving skills. Continuing education also facilitates establishing and regulating occupational standards for some professions. Perhaps the ultimate benefit of continuing education, however, is its ability to impart an attitude or disposition that encourages workers to find and use the best techniques available at any given time and to realize that these techniques will need to be improved or replaced, according to Cyril 0. Houle in Continuing Learning in the Professions. This attitude became all the more important late in the 20th century with the persistent technological advances, the growth of competition for jobs, and the shift from a manufacturing-based economy to a service based economy. Continuing education provides Canadians with skills and knowledge. Most importantly, continuing education provides people with options. See how continuing education can help you: Career and skills development * increase job opportunities * change careers or get a promotion * upgrade or develop new skills * get exposure to new ideas and best practices. * improve your competitive edge on the job market * keep pace with technology and industry trends * turn hobbies into job skills * get tools to cope with economic downturns * expand your professional network Academic enhancement * get your high school diploma * improve basic literacy * get prerequisites for college or university * retake courses to improve your academic grade point average * qualify for academic scholarships Personal development * explore new interests * get a richer awareness of different topics * meet new people and expand your network * become engaged with your community. * better understand issues affecting you and your community * improve self-esteem CONTINUING EDUCATION CENTRE (IITR) Learning is a lifelong process It is a pioneering centre in the area of continuing education in the country. It has completed more than 50 years of service and has played a very important role in the promotion of knowledge upgradation activity in our country by organizing refresher/specialist courses for in-service technical and professional person from various Govt. /Semi Govt. organisations, public and private undertakings, research institutions and industries. The Centre conducts about 60 to 70 short term training programmes in Continuing Education every year in various disciplines of management, engineering, science and technology in which the professionals are trained from all parts of the country as well as from the neighbour countries. The Centre is fully equipped with the facility of conference hall, accommodation, dining and recreation. This Centre acts as a window to disseminate information and awarenedd of latest technological developments. Courses organised by this Centre are innovative, accessible and stimulating and address to the current needs of the professionals. Programs reach students in all corners of the country/from all walks of life. To meet a variety of needs, Centre offers flexible, comprehensive course curricula in many formats. In the face of rapid technological advancement taking place around the globe, continuing education of in-service professional to new technologies is the need of the day to update knowledge much after completing formal education. Courses are being organised through the technical expertise available in the departments and centres of the Institute. Experts from industries and R&D organisations are also invited to deliver lectures wherever necessary. Centre organizes the courses in the beautiful campus of the Institute and also outside the Institute in consultancy as well as in sponsored mode that respond to client’s continuing professional development needs. Who comes to attend the courses Participants who enroll in our courses are interested in lifelong learning. Many participants attend courses to develop professional skills, many because they love learning and many for both of these reasons. The participant of the courses are in-service technical persons from various Govt. /Semi Govt. organisations, public and private undertakings, research institutions and industries. CLIENT ORGANISATIONS An illustrative List †¢ ALSTOM Projects India Limited †¢ Associated Cement Company †¢ Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd. †¢ Central Pollution Control Board †¢ Central Water Commission †¢ Centre of Excellence in Disaster Mitigation & Management †¢ Construction Industry Development Council †¢ Damodar Valley Corporation †¢ Department of Science & Technology †¢ Electricity Board Utility †¢ Ethopian Electricity Agency †¢ Ghana Irrigation Development Authority †¢ HAUC, Sweden †¢ HIMC †¢ Hindustan College of Science & Technology †¢ HPGEDA †¢ Indian Railway †¢ Irrigation Management Training Institute. †¢ Japan International Cooperation Agency †¢ LEA Associates South Asia Pvt. Ltd. †¢ Ministry of Home Affairs †¢ Ministry of Human Resource †¢ Ministry of Non Conventional Energy Sources †¢ Ministry of Power †¢ Ministry of Water Resources †¢ Moradabad Institute of Technology †¢ National Bank for Agriculture & Rural Development †¢ National Hydropower Corporation Ltd. †¢ National Programme on Earthquake Engineering Education †¢ National Rural Roads Development Agency †¢ National Thermal Power Corporation †¢ Oil & Natural Gas Corporation †¢ PBSTI †¢ Power Finance Corporation †¢ PRAGYA †¢ Prasar Bharti †¢ Project Management Unit Punjab State Electricity Board Research Designs & Standard Organisation †¢ Rural Engineering Services †¢ Security Paper Mills †¢ Smt. Ram Rati Gupta Women’s Polytechnic †¢ Tamil Nadu News Print and Papers Ltd. †¢ TIFAC-CORE †¢ Uttaranchal Academy of Administration †¢ Uttaranchal Gramin Sadak Vikas Abhikaran †¢ Uttaranchal Renewable Energy Development Agency †¢ Water Management Institute, Sri Lanka †¢ Xerox Modi Corp. Ltd. BACKGROUND This Centre provides high quality, professionally delivered short term courses covering a wide range of subjects. Provision is made for individuals, organisations, and professional groups. The present rate of development in any scientific area makes the specialized knowledge of a person in that area obsolete very soon. Continuing Engineering Education plays a vital role in the education and training of professionals which will keep them more productive and creative throughout their professional career. The goal of the country’s education system is to provide a very good basic education, train the students in a wide range of academic and professional disciplines to fulfill personal, societal and national needs. It is therefore the responsibility of companies and organisations to build a work force of their own on this foundation by providing training, continuing education and re-education. Developed countries have demonstrated that Continuing Engineering Education leads to better job performance and job satisfaction contributing to higher levels of economic development. The need for Continuing Engineering Education at the present juncture is all the more evident because the Indian engineering industry has to survive global competition in the light of new economic reforms proposed by opening our industrial sector for foreign investors. Vision A front line centre in science, engineering , technology and management making significant contributions to human resource development envisaging dynamic needs of the professionals Objective †¢To create opportunity for gaining experience and more knowledge in a particular field. †¢To create awareness in the technical community regarding the advances in their area of interest and expertise of IITR. †¢To provide a platform for interaction of Faculty, Consultants, Industries and users. †¢To provide an opportunity to study at IIT Roorkee for a short period of time. To provide requisite inputs for improvements. CONCLUSION Continuing education refers to any type of post-secondary education, used to either obtain additional certifications, or as credits required to maintain a license. Almost anybody can take continuing education courses for personal or professional enrichment; fitness trainers, nurses, and safety instructors are examples of professionals who fall into the second category. This type of education is aimed exclusively to adults who already possess a college or university degree. People take continuing education in the form of workshops, seminars, home-study or online courses, conferences, and hands-on training. There is no specific format or length for this type of program: some may take a weekend, while others can span weeks or even months. In the case of education for personal advancement only, students usually don’t receive college credits, as the courses are not considered part of the standard educational system. A common characteristic to all continuing education programs is a registration process. Attending a conference or cultural event that is open to the general public does not give attendants any type of education credits, and cannot be considered formal training.